Imaginary

Visual Arts

• Georgia O’Keeffe, Calla Lilies on Pink (1928)
• Pavel Filonov, Formula of Spring (1927-29)
• Georgia O’Keeffe, Pink Tulip (1926)
• David Burliuk, Spring in Countryside (1917)
• John William Waterhouse, A Song of Springtime (1913)
• Mikalojus Ciurlionas, Allegro (Sonata of the Spring) (1907)
• Isaac Levitan, Early Spring (1898)
• Arkhip Kuindzhi, Early Spring (1895)
• Paul Gauguin, Winter's End (1885)
• Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Spring (The Four Seasons) (1879)
• Konstantin Korovin, Early Spring (c. 1870)
• Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Spring (1563)
• Sandro Botticelli, Primavera (1478)

Music: songs and other short pieces

• The Beatles, “Here Comes the Sun”
• Peter Kater & Nawang Khechog, “A Fresh Wind”
• Johann Strauss II (composer), “Frühlingsstimmen” (Voices of Spring), Op. 410 (1882) (lyrics)
• Josef Suk (composer), “Jaro” (Spring), Op. 22a
• Hugo Alfvén, “Roslagsvår” (Spring in Roslag)
• Leroy Anderson (composer), “The First Day of Spring”
• Ottorino Respighi (composer), “Spring” (La Primavera), from Three Botticelli Pictures P136 (1922)
• Franz Schubert (composer), “An den Frühling” (In the Spring), D. 245
• Franz Schubert (composer), “An den Frühling” (In the Spring), D. 283 (1815) (lyrics)
• Franz Schubert (composer), “An den Frühling” (In the Spring), D. 587 (1817) (lyrics)
• Franz Schubert (composer), “Frühlingslied” (Spring Song), D. 398 (1816) (lyrics)

Music: Composers, artists, and major works

Robert Schumann, Symphony No. 1 in B-flat Major, Op. 38, “Spring” (1841) (approx. 27-32 minutes): “It’s hard to imagine a piece more infused with the spirit of spring than Robert Schumann’s First Symphony. Schumann had just married Clara, a renowned pianist and composer in her own right, and it was she who urged him to write for orchestra.” “The bold rhythmic statement by the trumpets and trombones that opens the first movement of the symphony echoes the call in the poetry: 'O turn, o change your course—In the valley spring begins to bloom.'” “The Symphony, sketched in a four day burst and completed within a month, originally bore movement titles: ‘The Beginning of Spring,’ ‘Evening,’ ‘Merry Playmates,’ and ‘Spring in Full Bloom.’ The titles were deleted before publication, but are still perfect epigrammatic invitations to this music.” Top performances are conducted by Coppola in 1946, Furtwängler in 1951, Szell in 1958 ***, Bernstein in 1960, Kubelik in 1979, Levine in 1981, Bernstein in 1984, Dohnányi in 1998, and Ticciati in 2014.

Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring (1944) (approx. 24-27 minutes), “tells the story of a young frontier couple on their wedding day.  Created as the war in Europe was drawing to end, the ballet captured the imagination of Americans who were beginning to believe in a more prosperous future, a future in which men and women would be united again.” “In surely one of the great ironies in music, a reserved, openly gay Jewish leftist from Brooklyn produced the sound we all instantly identify with the conservative values, vast landscapes and bold pioneer spirit of the rugged American settlers.” Copland revealed: “I was really putting Martha Graham to music. I had seen her dancing so many times, and I had a sense of her personality as a creative office. I had--really in front of my mind I wasn't thinking about the Appalachians or even spring. So that I had no title for it. I was a ballet for Martha, was actually the subtitle that I had.” Notwithstanding that, the music sounds like a fresh spring morning, as flowers are coming into bloom. Performances of the ballet are by Martha Graham in 1958, and Constella Ballet & Orchestra in 2014. Best recorded performances of the suite are conducted by Rodzinski in 1945, Copland in 1959, Bernstein in 1961, Doráti in 1961, Copland in 1970, Kunzel in 1996, Tilson Thomas in 2000.

Other compositions:

• Raga Bahar, a Hindustani classical raag for late evening or any time during spring, is about the beauty of spring. (“Bahar” means “spring” in Hindu.) Performances are by Budhaditya Mukherjee, Amjad Ali Khan, Bismillah Khan, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, and Vilayat Khan.
• Benjamin Britten, Spring Symphony for soloists, mixed choir, children's choir and orchestra, Op. 44 (1949) (approx. 43’)
• Arnold Bax, Spring Fire (1913) (approx. 30-32’)
• Frederick Delius, On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring (1912) (approx. 5-7’)
• Ned Rorem, Spring Music, for violin, cello & piano (1990) (approx. 25-26’)
• Ernest Bloch, Hiver-Printemps (Winter-Spring) for orchestra (1905) (approx. 12-14’)
• John Knowles Paine, Symphony No. 2 in A Major, Op. 34, "In Spring" (1879) (approx. 48-51’)
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, String Quartet No. 14 in G Major, K. 387, "Spring" (1782) (approx. 28-34’)
• Ernest John Moeran, Songs of Springtime, for mixed chorus (1934)
• Niels Gade, Frühlings-Phantasie (Spring Fantasy), Op. 23 (1852) (approx. 19’)
• Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Die Geburt Christi (The Birth of Christ), op. 90 (1894) (approx. 119’): set to this music, the Christian nativity story is a metaphor for renewal.
• César Franck, Les Éolides (The Breezes), M43 (1876) (approx. 11-12’)
• Rued Langgaard, Symphony No. 2, “Vãrbrud” (Awakening of Spring), BVN 53 (1912-1914) (approx. 37-38’)
• Karl Goldmark, Overture: Im Frühling (In the Spring), Op. 36 (approx. 10-12’)
• Guillermo Klein, “Solar Return Suite” (2006) (approx. 28-30’)

Albums:

• George Winston, “Winter into Spring” (1981) (49’)
• David Kikoski, “Phoenix Rising” (2019) (59’)
• Le Vent du Nord, “20 Printemps” (2022) (53’)
• Armen Donelian, “Fresh Start” (2022) (64’): “Healing and stimulating, it’s music that both soothes the soul and sparks the imagination . . .”

Poetry

After dark vapors have oppress'd our plains
For a long dreary season, comes a day
Born of the gentle South, and clears away
From the sick heavens all unseemly stains.
The anxious month, relieved of its pains,
Takes as a long-lost right the feel of May;
The eyelids with the passing coolness play
Like rose leaves with the drip of Summer rains.
The calmest thoughts came round us; as of leaves
Budding -- fruit ripening in stillness -- Autumn suns
Smiling at eve upon the quiet sheaves --
Sweet Sappho's cheek -- a smiling infant's breath --
The gradual sand that through an hour-glass runs --
A woodland rivulet -- a Poet's death.

[John Keats, Sonnet: “After Dark Vapors Have Oppress’d Our Plains”]

Other poems:

• Pablo Neruda, “March days return with their covert light”
• Seamus Heaney, “Rite of Spring”